Engineering

TYPES OF ENGINEERING

 

1. Aerospace Engineering

Aeronautical Engineering deals specifically with flight vehicles such as airplanes and helicopters. Work in this field is still available, however, it is being overtaken by aerospace engineering.

Aerospace Engineers design, construct and operate aircraft, aerospace vehicles, and propulsion systems. This includes planes, jets, helicopters, gliders, missiles, and spacecraft. They are involved in researching, developing, and testing new materials, engines, body shapes and structures that may increase the speed and strength of aircraft being overtaken by aerospace engineering.

 

2. Agricultural Engineering

These engineers are involved with conserving and developing the world's natural resources including soil, water, land, rivers, and forests. They research and develop solutions to combat problems such as soil erosion and salinity. They are responsible for designing better methods of farming and forestry, improving farming machinery and buildings, and also lessening the impact of humans on the environment. They may work towards solutions for problems such as sustainable agricultural production, the environmental impact of intensive agriculture and also look at the ways in which agricultural and primary products are handled.

 

3. Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical Engineers work with doctors and medical scientists, researching and designing ways to improve health care and medical services. They use microcomputers, lasers, and other materials to develop and improve medical research equipment that is used to diagnose health problems. They may be involved in the development of medical products and different types of equipment used to monitor and treat patients and in designing and improving equipment for disabled people.

 

4. Building Services

Building Services Engineers are involved with designing heating, air-conditioning, electric lighting and power, water and gas supply, plumbing, and drainage systems. Fire safety and security systems, phones, faxes, intercoms, computers, lifts, and escalators are all needed for a functional and safe work environment.

 

5. Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering is concerned with the ways in which raw materials are changed into useful and commercial end products. Research of raw materials and their properties, design, and development of equipment, and the evaluation of operating processes are all part of Chemical Engineering.

 

6. Food Engineering

Food Engineers design equipment, machinery, and production methods that increase the life of food whilst maintaining its quality and nutritional value. They also ensure that the food produced is free from bacteria and disease and does not lose its original texture and color.

 

7. Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering

Engineers in this field find, produce, use and improve oil and natural gas-based on geological study. Methods of removing oil and gas from the earth safely and economically are constantly being researched and tested. Raw materials extracted from the earth or oceans are turned into synthetic fibers, dyes, detergents, and many forms of plastic materials and products.

 

8. Pharmaceutical

Equipment that produces life-saving drugs and medicine is designed and operated by engineers in the pharmaceutical field. These drugs need to be made very precisely in both small and large quantities. Engineering teams work closely with medical research teams to achieve the most effective results.

 

9. Process Control

Process Control Engineers are concerned with creating and maintaining computer software and systems designed to control the quantity and quality of a particular product when it is being manufactured. Computers are used in a chemical plant to control such things as pressure, temperature, and liquid levels in a tank.

 

10. Production

Production Engineers are responsible for the equipment and processes used in various chemical or manufacturing plants. Production Engineers ensure equipment is maintained and operating at a peak level of production and may also be involved in advising on the layout of the factory floor to maximize production levels, or on the purchase of new equipment.

 

11. Civil Engineering

A Civil Engineer will work from an architect's drawings and consider whether the chosen materials for a particular building will be strong enough to hold a structure of that height or design. At the same time, they would also think about how the structure might affect its surroundings. It is the responsibility of the civil engineer to produce safe, economical, and environmentally-sound structures.

 

12. Geotechnical Engineering

These engineers provide information and knowledge on how the soil and rocks beneath a proposed structure will behave under pressure. An understanding of the structures being built is needed in order to assist in the design of their foundations. Geotechnical Engineers spend a lot of time outdoors, collecting samples and testing ground areas, and advising on work in progress.

 

13. Hydraulics (Water) Engineering

Hydraulics (Water) Engineering is concerned with planning and organizing how water is provided and removed both for large and local schemes. Hydraulics engineers also deal with the treatment of waste from industry, the control of rivers and floodwaters, the protection of the coastline, and the careful planning of harbors.

 

14. Structural Engineering

Structural Engineers often work with architects, builders, and those in mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering to organize and supervise the construction of particular structures.

 

15. Transport Engineering

Transport Engineers design, test and improve systems and structures used to move people, cars, trains, airplanes, and ships. For example, it is vital that traffic intersections are designed in such a way that traffic flows freely and does not cause unnecessary congestion. The layout of train lines needs to be designed with similar objectives in mind.

 

16. Coastal and Ocean Engineering

Coastal and Ocean Engineers work in either the private sector as consulting engineers, project managers, construction contractors, or in specialized government organizations and university teaching and research.

 

17. Electrical Engineering

Electrical Engineering encompasses electronic, computer systems, telecommunications, control, and electrical power engineering. It is concerned with the way electrical energy is produced and used in homes, the community, and industry. Electrical Engineers design and build the systems and machines that generate, transmit, measure, control, and use electrical energy essential to modern life.

 

18. Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, physiological, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems and measure achievement.

 

19. Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering

Electronics Engineers in the field of communications may be responsible for the operation of satellite television transmission, or for the smooth running of telephone switching exchanges. Often these systems or operations are monitored using complicated panels of instruments. It is the responsibility of the electronics engineer to find and correct faults quickly and to ensure the smooth working of the operation.

 

20. Environmental Engineering

Environmental Engineers are also involved in removing problems caused by past activity, such as cleaning contaminated industrial land so it can be used for housing. Environmental Engineers predict what problems may be caused by accidents, such as oil spills for example, and assess what may cause problems for the environment in the long term.

 

21.  Marine Engineering

Marine Engineers must also become familiar with pressure vessel operation including steam generating equipment and the associated control instrumentation. Automatic control systems are becoming more and more widely used so an understanding of computer-controlled processes is also important. Computers now mean that Marine Engineers do not have to be on constant watch in the engine room.

 

22.  Materials Engineering

Materials Engineers are involved with developing new materials and improving certain qualities of existing materials. They may also be involved with developing new and improved ways of recycling plastics and paper. Materials Engineering deals with the manufacture, structure, properties, and use of metals and non-metallic substances such as polymers, ceramics, and composites.

 

23.  Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Mechanical Engineers often work for industry designing systems and machinery that generate power, make products, move things and help in building. They may also work in chemical processing, power generation, the automotive industry, manufacturing, building services, the aeronautical industry, defense technology, food processing, and public utilities.

Manufacturing Systems Engineering is concerned with the processes and systems that are used in industry. Systems and equipment that complete tasks accurately and change raw materials into products with the smallest wastage of time, materials, and energy are designed and improved by manufacturing systems engineers.

 

24.  Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering

Minerals Engineers use a wide range of treatments to process materials in the most efficient way. This might involve physical or chemical separations and hydro or pyro-metallurgical processes.

Metallurgical Engineering takes this one step further by combining metals and non-metals to make new composite materials. These new composites are designed to be light, strong, durable, and heat resistant materials for use in the design and performance of cars, boats, jets, spacecraft, and other vehicles.

 

25. Mining Engineering

Mining Engineers work on mining sites and in head offices of mining companies. Many mines are located in remote areas and young graduates should be prepared to travel and live in non-urban areas. Salaries for those working in the mining area are usually well above that for most other professionals and the opportunities for travel are excellent.

 

26. Resource Engineering

Resource Engineering is concerned with the development and efficient use of natural resources and the management of the environment in rural areas. This includes the development, conservation, and control of water resources, soil conservation and the recovery of degraded land, catchment and land management, and the assessment and control of water pollution from agricultural and mining industries.

 

27. Risk Engineering

There is a growing awareness in the general public of the need for risk assessments to be carried out before a project begins. This involves analysis based on a knowledge of chemistry, physics, and operational aspects of any given project.

 

28. Software Engineering

Software Engineering is about creating high-quality software in a systematic, controlled, and efficient manner. It is an approach to designing software to maximize quality and reliability by treating it as a formal engineering process. In a software engineering approach to building software, there is an important emphasis on analysis and design, specification and evaluation of the software.

To know more Multitutor